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Priority
Projects for Development
Of the New and Renewable Energy in China
Biomass
Energy Technology
Fuel
Forest
1.
Background
Fuel
forest is one of strategic type of forest in China
aiming at producing fuels. Development of fuel
forests is not only related to achievement of
China¡¯s forest construction, but also an important
measure to mitigate the contradiction between
supply and demand of fuels and the shortage of
energy in the rural areas. It also plays an important
and strategic role in improving the structure
of trees, strengthening the adaptability of forests
to society and the anti-calamity ability in nature.
It also plays an important role in protecting
and improving ecological and atmospheric environment
and in returning straw and animal dung to the
field.
2.
Objective
Speed
up the development of fuel forests, increase the
proportion of fuel forest afforestation and expand
the firewood resources. Protect forest resources
and improve the environment of ecology and atmosphere.
Mitigate the contradictions between supply and
demand of the firewood.
From
the years 1996 to 2010, it is scheduled to afforest
4.5 million hectares of fuel forests with the
increased area up to 3.15 million hectares and
a total area of fuel forest reaching 8.6 million
hectares. Among that, it is planed to develop
fuel forests of 1.5 million hectares, with an
increased area of 1.05 million hectares and a
total area of 6.5 million hectares of fuel forest
in the period of
¡°the Ninth Five-year Plan¡±.
3.
Content
Build
up a few of demonstrations forest farms in different
regions.
1.
High-yield and multifunctional fuel forest
and cultivation technology demonstration.
2.
Rapid-growth forest technology demonstration
3.
Fuel forest and technology and equipment
demonstration on comprehensive utilization of
its product.
Energy
Plants£¨Fuel
Oil plants£©
1.
Background
Regarding
the energy plants, we generally refer to the varieties
of the plants that can produce the so-called green
petroleum. They have many varieties and are rich
in resources. In China, energy plants are widely
distributed, such as euphorbia, oil palm, tong-oil
tree, etc.
Since
the petroleum crisis in 1973, more and more attention
has been paid in the world to the research on
energy plants and its fuels. In 1978, international
energy association (IEA) initiated an international
cooperative research on the energy plants. At
the beginning, the research focused on the development
of energy plants in forests, and then continued
to more fields, which leading to the improvement
of the existing varieties, cultivation of new
varieties, and mass growing of energy plants,
including woody energy plants and herbal energy
plants.
So
far, research on energy plants, and development
and producing the green petroleum and its by-products
has just begun in China.
2.
Objectives
Investigation
on the green energy plant resources in the whole
country should be conducted in order to provide
scientific foundation for making out long-term
research and development plan. The technology
of genetic engineering and crossbreeding should
be adopted to cultivate quick-growing, high oil-bearing
and short-renewal cycle breeds. Research on the
base of energy plant fuels and its development
should be conducted, including the combustibility
of energy plants, extraction technology and comprehensive
utilization and development.
3.
Content
Comprehensive
research and development of energy plants and
their fuels should be conducted, including:
-
Investigation
on green energy plant resources in China
-
Selection
and cultivation strong-anti-adversity, fast-breeding
and quick-growing varieties
-
Establishment
of energy plant demonstration forests and
research on cultivation and production techniques.
-
Research
on extraction technology and physical, chemical
and combustive property and comprehensive
utilization and development of energy plants.
High-grade
Conversion & Utilization of Biomass Energy
1.
Background
The
output of crop stalks in China is about 600 million
tons per year, of which 50 per cent equaling 290
million tons was used as fuels for cooking and
heat supplying in the countryside. The grand plan
of firewood saving stoves implemented from early
1980s, not only raised the utilization rate of
biomass energy, diminished the shortage of energy
in the countryside, but also improved the situation
of over-felling of forests, enabled more straws
back to the fields, and increased the content
of organic matter in the soil and protected the
environment as well.
The
traditional method of utilization of biomass energy
has not already been able to suit the demand,
along with the rapid development of rural economy,
continuous improvement of the peasants¡¯ living
quality and the increasing attention to the environment.
Since
¡°the Seventh Five-year Plan¡±, China has carried
out extensive research and development on the
high-grade conversion plants and application technology
of biomass. Significant progress has been achieved
in the aspects of gasification, liquefaction and
compact forming of biomass. The biomass gasifying
plant has already been put into market in small
production and used for cooking, wood drying and
heat supplying. Technology of fluidized-bed pyrolytic
gas for centralized supply is being experimented.
At present, there are many research units, factories
and companies engaging in development, demonstration,
mass production and service of the biomass energy.
2.
Objectives
Speed
up the renewal of the utilization technology of
biomass energy; develop high-efficient and direct-burning
technology and the technology of compact solid
forming, gasification and liquefaction; establish
high-efficient industrial production technology
and plant. The high-grade utilization volume of
biomass energy is planned to reach 2.5 million
tons of standard coal by the year 2000, and 17
million tons of standard coal by the year 2010.
3.
Content
1)
Biomass gasification technology and system
and their demonstration.
-
Research
and design on gasification technology and
equipment, and gas purification technology
and equipment.
-
Commercialized
technology including establishment on technical
and inspection standard including for gasification
stove, pipe network system and construction
and installation.
-
Set
up research, demonstration, and equipment
and production bases.
2)
Research and development on thermal cracking
technology of biomass.
-
Research
and development on several kinds of thermal
cracking technology, including fluidized-bed
thermal cracking system, fixed-bed thermal
cracking system and industrial comprehensive
thermal cracking system.
-
Set
up biomass energy conversion plant and demonstration
projects of thermal electricity supply system.
-
Set
up one kiloton or above conversion system
and equipment demonstration project of wood
energy resources.
3)
Demonstration project of biomass gasification
power generation.
Develop
and Utilize Organic Wastes in Agriculture and
Industry by the Anaerobic Digestion Technology
1.
Background
In
China, the discharge volume of excrement and urine
of animals and poultry was 580 million tons per
year, plus 66 million tons from breeding farms.
Industrial wastewater discharge, which can be
produced for methane, reached 130,000 tons per
year. Through unremitting efforts for several
decades, steady progress has been made in using
anaerobic digestion process to treat organic wastes
and to produce methane. By the end of 1994,household
methane pit increased to 5.43 million with a yearly
output of methane of 1.347 billion cubic meters,
and 583 large or medium-size methane projects
with a total pit capacity of 220,000 cubic meters
of methane and a yearly methane production of
35.8 million cubic meters. Comprehensive utilization
of methane was conducted in more than 3 million
households of farmers. Many large and medium-size
methane projects supplemented post treatment technology.
Obvious progress has been made in technology of
overall utilization of methane scum and liquid
A
large number of high-level research personnel,
scientific institutions and related sector professionals
and production scale have been existed in China.
The professionals have been formed combining theory
with practice in the field of basic research,
applied research, project design and construction
and comprehensive utilization of methane.
2.
Objectives
Strengthen
the applied research on the conversion and increase
the application level; build up and perfect the
design specifications and standard for the large
and medium-size methane equipment; reinforce the
complete supply ability for equipment and improve
the ecological environment.
By
the year 2000 and by the year 2010, the total
methane users will reach 7.55 million households
and 12.35 million households and the yearly methane
output will reach 2.26 billion cubic meters and
4 billion cubic meters respectively.
3.
Content
-
Improvement
of ferment process and its installations and
its commercialization and industrialization
-
Design
specification and standardization of methane
project system.
-
Comprehensive
utilization technology and product commercialized
technology of methane residues.
-
Municipal
wastewater treatment system, and coordination
with regional economy, township ecology and
township water treatment system, and their
analytic comparison of technical economy.
-
Set
up different economic scales of demonstration
farms (such as breeding industry, municipal
waste water and industrial wastes).
Domestic
Wastes Treatment Technology
1.
Background
In
the recent ten years, treatment process of municipal
wastes has been developed from simple disposal
to the recovery of resources and comprehensive
utilization. The objectives to be harmless, resources
recovery, and disposals have been achieved. In
China, 30-60 per cent of the content in the organic
solids and domestic wastes can be recovered into
energy or organic fertilizer through no-harm treatment.
2.
Objectives
Gradually
realize the objective that treatment of domestic
wastes from landfill or incineration to no-harm
treatment accompanying with recovery of energy
and production of organic fertilizer
3.
Content
-
Separation
of wastes and development of ferment mechanical
equipment
-
Research
on the technology of wastes power generation
system.
-
Set
up a hundred-ton grade (hundred kilowatt grade)
demonstration project.
-
Research
on the post treatment process (the technology
to product compound organic fertilizer).
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